CODA Joins Facial Pain Research Foundation

International Scientific Consortium 

By Michael Pasternak

I am excited to say on New Years Day 2018, The Facial Pain Research Foundation (FPRF)  has six Foundation and two corporate funded scientific research projects actively working to find the cure for trigeminal neuralgia and related neuropathic pain.  The scientists working on these projects are members of our International Scientific Research Consortium.  In the past this World Famous WebNewspaper has printed numerous stories about the Foundation funded projects (see Dr. Douglas Andersons 2017 Report).  In October, 2017 the FPRF announced that Neurona Inc. (a corporate funded research project joined the FPRF Scientific Consortium. Neurona is focused on the discovery and development of cell-based therapies to treat intractable neurological diseases including TN and related neuropathic pain.  Today the Foundation is pleased to announce that CODA, another corporate funded scientific project, is joining the FPRF International Research Consortium. 

CODA Biotherapeutics is a San Francisco based pre-clinical stage biotechnology company developing a novel therapeutic platform for the treatment of chronic pain and other severe neurological disorders. CODA’s innovative platform relies upon a gene therapy approach to modulating aberrant neural activity, which CODA’s co-founders -- a team of forward-thinking biotechnology entrepreneurs, scientists, and clinicians -- believe will provide relief to patients suffering from intractable neuropathic pain such as that associated with trigeminal neuralgia and establish a new treatment paradigm for severe neurological disorders.  The entire CODA team enthusiastically welcomes the opportunity to join the Facial Pain Research Foundation’s Scientific Consortium in developing new treatment options for patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

Building upon the groundbreaking work of the company’s founders and Scientific Advisory Board members, several of whom have been associated with FPRF, CODA is using advanced synthetic biology approaches to engineer novel neurotransmitter receptors that respond selectively to non-addictive and non-opioid-based small molecules. These engineered neurotransmitter receptors are delivered to pain-signaling neurons using viral vectors by standard of care neurosurgical procedures. Hyperactive target neurons that express the receptor, including those in the trigeminal ganglia, can then be controllably silenced by oral administration of the safe small molecule. Because the treatment molecule exclusively activates the receptor, it is possible to achieve highly selective blockade of the critical pain signals from reaching the brain.  This effectively opens the “therapeutic window”, reducing the potential for adverse side effects. Preclinical studies in multiple neuropathic pain models have demonstrated that this technology provides robust, durable, tunable, and reversible pain control, without the side effects experienced with existing small molecule therapies (e.g. opioids, anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants) or neurosurgical procedures (e.g. ablation, neurostimulation implants). CODA anticipates that this technology will be used to manage intractable chronic pain across a multitude of conditions, including trigeminal neuralgia, and it will be applied broadly to other peripheral and central nervous system disorders in the future.

 First Published Sept 23, 2014

We’ve come a long way! Join us and make our journey shorter! 

By Roger Levy

Back in 1990, when the Trigeminal Neuralgia Association was first organized, its growth and development depended on the volunteer founders and some leading neurosurgeons who were concerned that little was being done to help patients understand their condition and gain access to specialists who could treat their condition. The Internet had yet to develop and getting the word out was managed through support groups started by volunteer patients who had become acquainted with the Association.

As time went on and the number of patients who looked to the Association for information and support began to grow so did the association’s awareness of the limitations which affected the medical and surgical options available as treatment. The drugs, after all, do nothing but dull the pain and most of the surgical procedures involve permanent damage to the nerve and that damage can often result in increased and, sadly, inoperable pain if the procedure fails.  Gamma Knife treatment which involves radiation is promoted by many centers as non-invasive and yet there are too many patients who have increased pain where the radiation treatment failed.  Even microvascular decompression which has a high success rate and involves no permanent damage to the nerve has its limitations because it involves a hospital stay and general anesthetic, for which some patients are not candidates either through choice or some other medical condition.

Still, over the years, the Association has helped many tens of thousands of patients to gain relief and regain a good quality of life. This is an important and continuing part of the Association’s mission on which it continues to deliver. But what of tomorrow’s patients or those today with unresolved pain?  What’s to be done about them?

That is a question which the Association began to address when your Founding Trustees, Michael Pasternak, Mike Hirsch and I were members of the Association’s Board. Faced with that challenge, we embarked on an ambitious plan to establish a facial pain research program at the McKnight Brain Institute at the University of Florida, where Doug Anderson, Foundation trustee, was then the Executive Director.  However, raising sufficient funds for research and meeting other parts of the Association’s mission was too great a challenge. Thus we chose to establish The Facial Pain Research Foundation.

That was over two years ago and look how far we have come! In a short period of time, The Facial Pain Research Foundation has raised over $1,300,000 and has provided funding for 4 separate research projects intended to find a permanent end to the pain of trigeminal neuralgia.  Now, as word gets out across the internet via our Web Newspaper, people are contacting us from all over the world to ask “How can we help?” - Something unimaginable in 1990.  When I was diagnosed with TN in that year, there were few places to turn.  My neurologist could only recommend Tegretol or, when I proved allergic, acupuncture.  Surgery, he warned me, was to be avoided at all costs.  It was not until 1997 that the internet lead me to the Association and to a quick path to relief through microvascular decompression.  Even with all those years of pain, though, I count myself lucky now that I am pain and medication free.  Not every patient enjoys that success and for them and the patients who have yet to come, the work of the Foundation is imperative.

If you are reading this, chances are you are doing so because of the reach of the internet and, so rather like the support groups of the ‘90s, you have the opportunity to support our cause and bring our journey to a successful conclusion more swiftly. You can help in many ways as you can read elsewhere in our Newspaper, including making a financial contribution.  Contributions are now coming to us almost daily with words of support and encouragement.  No amount is too small to win our gratitude or to help.

We have world class scientific investigators enthusiastically working on behalf of facial pain patients, without national or other boundaries. They are our researchers “sans frontieres” and the benefits of their research will similarly lack borders.  We are a community brought together by common cause.  Be part of that community and help us to achieve our goals.

First Published June 13, 2014

Dr. Mark Linskey is a Professor of Neurological Surgery currently practicing at the University of CA, Irvine, in Orange County, CA (http://www.faculty.uci.edu//profile.cfm?faculty_id=5322). He trained in microvascular decompression (MVD) for 7 years with Peter Jannetta and in Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSR), glycerol rhizotomy and radiofrequency lesioning for 7 years with L Dade Lunsford at the first US gamma Knife unit at the University of Pittsburgh. He has continuously served on the Medical Advisory Board of TNA - The Facial pain association since 2003; currently serving as their Western Regional Director. In practice and out of training for more than 20 years, he published the first prospective cohort comparative clinical trial of MVD versus GKSR for typical trigeminal neuralgia and is an internationally-recognized expert, and experienced surgical subspecialist, in trigeminal neuralgia. He is currently the American College of Physicians (ACP) Trigeminal Neuralgia module editor for their physician point of care decision support tool "Smart Medicine" (formerly PIER - Physician Information & Education Resource). He is also the Co-Editor of the Trigeminal Neuralgia module for the rigorous evidence-based medicine periodic systematic review tool and physician decision-support resource, "Clinical Evidence", published by the BMJ (British Medical Journal) for the British Medical Association.

Facial Pain The Research Imperative

  By Mark E. Linskey, M.D.

 From a twisted and perverse perspective, among facial pain patients, patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN), are comparatively fortunate.  We at least have surgical treatment options with reasonable chances for successful pain relief when current medical therapy fails.  Yet even for TN patients, not all patients fare well.  While in expert and experienced surgical hands, microvascular decompression (MVD) can lead to durable complete pain relief in about 80% of patients, this still leaves one in five TN patients still suffering.  Patients seeking care in the general medical community are not so fortunate.  MVD results can vary significantly surgeon-to-surgeon.  Empiric experience over the last 20 years in my practice, would suggest that the success rate among less experienced and expert surgeons might run as low as 50%. 

 For those patients with multiple sclerosis-related TN, or who fail MVD, their plight can be improved with palliative destructive procedures directed towards the trigeminal nerve [stereotactic radiosurgery (SR, radiofrequency lesioning (RFL), glycerol rhizotomy (GR), and balloon compression (BC)].  However, these procedures serve best as temporizing measures, with up to 50% of patients with classical TN recurring within five years of the procedure.  Each palliative destructive procedure runs the risk of facial numbness with its associated risk of new de-afferentation pain from nerve damage, and these risks accumulate and compound as destructive procedures are repeated.  Thus overall, across the U.S., even for patients with classical TN, surgical intervention may realistically not provide adequate or long-lasting relief in an estimated 30-50% of cases. 

But what about those patients with other forms of facial pain?  In 2008, after 18 years of existence, The Trigeminal Neuralgia Association (TNA) changed its name to TNA – The Facial Pain Association (TNA-FPA) in recognition of the fact that patients with facial pain other than classical TN also needed education, support and help too.  These conditions include TN2, neuropathic facial pain, facial pain of obscure etiology, and anesthesia dolorosa, among many others.  For these patients, MVD rarely leaves a patient pain-free. Furthermore, while palliative destructive procedures can, and do help, they not only are less successful than for classical TN patients, they may actually worsen the situation through increased de-afferentation, despite the best of surgical intentions.  While surgical stimulator surgery can help these patients in very select cases, the overall percentage of patients enjoying significant and durable relief is disappointingly small.  If we now broaden our inquiry to include all facial pain patients that seek help from TNA-FPA, it seems likely that only about half will achieve adequate or long-lasting relief from their suffering through surgery. Clearly surgery alone is not the answer for too many of our patients, friends, and family who suffer from facial pain.   

The word imperative refers to something that is both necessary and of vital or crucial importance.  It may also refer to the expression of a command.  For facial pain syndromes new discovery and therapeutic breakthroughs through basic science research is an absolute imperative in the first sense and an imperative from our patients and their loved ones in the second sense.   

We know that vascular compression is a necessary cause for the majority of classical TN patients.  Yet up to 40% of normal living patients and up to 50% of patients studied at autopsy have these vascular contacts without having TN.  Clearly vascular compression, while necessary, is not sufficient.  The logical additional factor, that many have speculated about, likely involves additional predispositions related to genetics and/or the biology of myelin nerve insulation, axonal damage, or both.  In my opinion, studies of deferential gene expression comparing classical TN patients to normal population controls carry the highest chance of uncovering potentially new fruitful areas for investigation and future therapeutic exploitation for patients with classical TN. 

 While the hoped for discoveries from studying differential gene expression in cases of classical TN might be more generalizable to help patients with other facial pain syndromes, this is by no means certain.  Thus, simultaneous additional lines of research inquiry are also desperately needed.  These include the urgent need for a better understanding of the neurochemistry and the psycho-biology of chronic neuropathic pain and the fast-track development of new agents for clinical testing.  It includes studies into the biology of nerve repair and regeneration, through both pharmacological means as well as potential cellular therapies including stem cells.  It also includes the need to study safe means of modulating pain perception at the brain level through brain stimulation technology.   

While it is simple and conceptually satisfying to talk about the search for one “cure”, this may be an elusive goal given the heterogeneity and wide variety of facial pain syndromes suffered by patients seeking help through the TNA-FPA.  More than one “cure” may be needed depending on the individual circumstances of each patient.  Yet the quest for a “cure”, whether one or many, all still depend on basic science research advances which are expensive and which take years to develop, test and realize. 

As a surgeon, I long for the day when we have therapies that can increase our MVD results to near 100% success, as well as offer hope and more predictable treatment success chances to our non-classical TN facial pain patients.  While I am biased by my surgical background, I doubt that these advances will involve a new pill distributing an agent non-specifically throughout our body.  I strongly suspect that they will involve therapies that will be most effective locally and selectively at the site of pathology or damage, either through direct open surgical application, or needle or electrode delivery into the trigeminal nerve root, ganglia, or brain.  Thus surgery will likely be an important component of any success realized through our research efforts. 

If we wish the state of care for patients with facial pain to improve from the levels currently available, we are indeed faced with a research imperative.  The need is great and the costs are considerable.  The best way that most can help is through generous donation and ongoing, sustained, support for efforts such as those fostered by our own Facial Pain Research Foundation http://www.facingfacialpain.org/ . We need everyone’s help and support to drive this mission forward and ultimately succeed.